“Your Hospital Guide” Part 3 (of 5) of Chapter 1 (Always Have Someone with You in the Hospital)

If the person being hospitalized has memory difficulties, even when they are medically rock-stable, there should be a Hospital Buddy with them 24/7.

What about an elderly patient or a patient with memory issues?  If the person who is hospitalized has dementia, it is always best to have a companion stay in the hospital overnight.  It is very disorienting to wake up in a hospital, and many patients end up being sedated or restrained due to overnight confusion (Note: overnight confusion is sometimes refered to as “sundowning”).  The best way to prevent or minimize this is by having someone in the patient’s room at all times so that a companion may gently remind the patient where he or she is, help keep the person from getting tangled in any cords or IV lines, and help keep the person calm.  At night, the person’s Hospital Buddy can remind the person that it is nighttime, and that it is time to sleep.

Many times in a hospital, the nurses deal with “problem patients” (those who are awake and confused overnight, and who might fall from bed, pull out i.v. lines, or otherwise pose a danger to themselves), by rolling their beds down near the nurses’ station overnight.  While this allows hospital personnel to keep a closer watch on these people, it also means that the patient is kept in a light environment through the night, with people talking and walking around, which keeps the patient fully awake.  This contributes to a vicious cycle of a person’s having a disturbed sleep/wake schedule, worsening confusion and contributing to delirium.  It is much preferable for these people to have a Hospital Buddy available to stay with them in their room.

In certain circumstances, a hospital may have a “sitter” – an official person hired by the hospital – sit at a person’s bedside to verbally orient the patient when necessary, and remind the patient not to get out of bed.  However, there are not always enough sitters available for every patient who might benefit from having one, the sitter is generally not someone who is familiar to the patient (and thus may not be as easily able to calm the person, who is feeling confused and disoriented in an unfamiliar environment), and many rehabilitation and nursing facilities will not accept a patient who has required an official hospital sitter within the past 24 hours.

What’s wrong with using restraints and/or sedation? 

While these may, at times, be necessary to ensure a person’s safety, there are risks involved with their use.  A person may respond unpredictably to a sedating medication – older patients, in particular, may be more likely to become over-sedated, even with lower doses.  Physical restraints are generally unpleasant for the person to whom they are applied, and restraints may cause a person physical injury.  And again, there are many nursing homes and physical rehabilitation facilities that will not accept a patient who has required restraints in the past 24 hours, which can complicate a patient’s discharge from the hospital.  While a physician may determine in certain situations that the risks of sedation or physical restraints may be outweighed by the risks of not sedating or restraining a person, it is best to try to set up an environment in which those measures are less likely to be necessary.

 

A Little More Jazz

This is a follow-up to the musical analogy from my last post.  A hospital functions like a jazz ensemble.  Intricate, intertwining, indispensable parts come together to form a unified, breathing, well-oiled whole.

The nurses play the role of the bass.  The bass is the heartbeat of the ensemble.  You don’t necessarily notice or think about the bass, but you feel it deep inside.  It’s actually what you dance to, what you tap your foot to, and what you bounce your head to as you listen to the music.  The bassist sets the overall rhythm, stepping out at times to solo and demonstrate the profound foundation the instrument provides along its range of deep beauty, and then brings back steadiness to the piece.  You cannot do without a bassist.  You cannot do without the nurses.

The internists, pediatricians and family practitioners are like the trombones.  Trombones are in the middle of everything.  They slide from high to low and back as they maintain the steady middle ground of each piece.  They harmonize, and tie together the sounds of the other instruments.  The trombonists provide the backbone for the other brass and the woodwinds.  Their range is wide, and they function across their range to blend the treble and bass sounds to coordinate the overall flow and sound of the music.

Saxophonists are sexy, and a little bit cocky.  Kind of like surgeons and obstetricians.  They solo frequently, and have incredible manual dexterity.  They’re a little showy, and with good reason – they’re really good.  They open the piece, close the piece, and take the piece on fantastic rides throughout.  Have you ever watched a saxophonist solo?  They tend to move with their instrument, leaning and thrusting their bodies into the sound almost in a “Dirty Dancing” kind of way.  It’s very physical.  They are fully immersed and sure of what they’re doing.  Like you have to be when you’re gowned, gloved, masked, and cutting into a person.

The specialists come in like the trumpets: loud, sure, and precise.  They can make a statement playing the same note repeatedly, and then when you think you can anticipate their next sound, they jump pitch, leap back and forth, and add a brilliant flourish as they bring the narrative of the musical story to another level.  You want them to weigh in on a subject.  When they speak, you listen.  And they know what they’re talking about.

The social workers and the respiratory, speech, physical, and occupational therapists fit the role of the electric guitar player in the jazz ensemble.  The guitarist has unique style and technique, filling in and enhancing the melodies and rhythm.  The guitar licks punctuate the storyline, adding layers that before you heard them, you might not have realized were missing, but once they’re there, you realize how important they are.

A drum set encompasses the behind-the-scenes people within the hospital.  The snare, like the clerks and secretaries, takes the lead in moving things along at a reasonable pace.  Each drum in the set has to beat in exquisite coordination with the others, fulfilling basic roles and ensuring that the rhythm and tempo proceed as they should.  The scurry of activity within each drum fill takes the musical piece to the next spot.  You’re not sure what just happened, but you liked how it sounded and you know you’ve shifted.  There’s a lot of complicated action.

The pianist sets the tone of the piece, like the administration of the hospital.  The tone can be soft or harsh, bright or dark.  You hear it louder at some times than others, but it is always there, affecting the overall mood.

The individual musicians in the jazz ensemble need to practice and hone their skills.  Each section needs to function together, and while each section speaks out and sounds great, you can’t listen to any one subgroup by itself for too long without its getting a little annoying.  You need the balance of the different facets of the ensemble playing off one another.  The entire group needs to practice together, listening to one another and adjusting as necessary to achieve an overall sound that is mind-blowing in its complexity, flawless in its integration, and simply beautiful.

And with that, we will return in the next post (on Monday) to your regularly scheduled installment of Your Hospital Guide.  I hope you’ve enjoyed this brief musical interlude!

Jazz – A Break from the Book

My residency director, a not-at-all-old-but-definitely-wise man, used to compare the practice of medicine to jazz.

When people think of jazz, they think of improvisation, of unconventionality,   Maybe a little free-form, or rule-breaking.

Turns out, jazz is extremely structured.  And precise.  To be a great jazz musician, you’ve got to be cemented firmly in the basics, and from there, within the structure and precision, you solo.  You improvise.  You break the rules.  And it sounds fantastic.

And then the director tweaks things.  Interprets the music.  Each musician interprets, but they all have to be on the same page.  And then the solos!  They soar, they glide, they travel to the moon and back, but not at all randomly.  They follow over specific chord changes and progressions, overarching rhythms and key changes, and they crescendo and decrescendo, hang on one note or travel a chromatic scale, jump intervals in various tempos as the soloing artist sees, hears, and feels where the line of sound should go.

I think about music a lot.  I gave birth to three musicians (I seem to recall that each one came out playing an instrument).  Right now, I have the distinct pleasure of being with my oldest son in Grand Rapids, Michigan for a few days as he participates in the Michigan All-State High School Jazz Ensemble (third chair trumpet – yay, Zac!).  As I listened to these amazingly talented young musicians playing together for the first time on Thursday, I realized how fundamental the basics are to the output of the sound.  Were it not for the precision, the tightness, the structure of this language of music that these kids speak so well, it would sound cacophonous, rather than the delight it is even early in their first hour of rehearsal.

When my residency director compared the practice of medicine to jazz, he did it to hammer into our heads that we had to have a firm foundation, built on medical knowledge, able to speak the language, and then we could add the art, the gut feelings, the off-label prescriptions – in short, the solos.  As time has gone by, I’ve seen that the analogy goes deeper.  Music, and especially jazz, lives within its interpretations.    A doctor needs to speak the language of physiology, pathology, and statistics, and needs to then interpret the studies that come out, and apply them to the actual practice and decision making.  What is that study actually saying?  Does it fit with my patient?  It sounds ok now, but how would it work if I sped it up here, slowed it down there, and added a key change right here – would that make the difference between my patient’s stumbling along this rhythmically tricky path and her gliding gracefully through the measures to a finale of good health?

I plan one follow-up post to this jazz theme, and then I’ll return to the chapter 1 installments of Your Hospital Guide. 

“Your Hospital Guide” Part 2 (of 5) of Chapter 1 (Always Have Someone with You in the Hospital)

Aren’t my doctors and nurses there to advocate for me or my loved one?  Of course, but they have many other patients to care for (your nurse usually has three to seven other patients, unless you are in the intensive care unit, and your hospitalist generally has 12 to 20 or more other patients along with you each day).  It is beneficial to your healthcare providers to have someone knowledgeable about you there.

So my nurses and doctors are busy.  What could my Hospital Buddy really do for me?  Do they really need to be there at all times?

Your Hospital Buddy can remind your doctor that the last time you had a fever and started seeing pink elephants, you had a urinary tract infection.  Or your buddy can point out to your nurse that normally you are quite sweet, and the fact that you are cursing at the nursing staff is a severe, sudden personality change, for which you should be medically evaluated.

Doctors arrive in patients’ rooms at random times.  Your Hospital Buddy will be able to take notes for you while you are napping or sedated – just make sure to scribble a permission-to-talk note for the doctor, so that your doc can speak to your buddy and fill him or her in on what’s happening.  As you write down your daily list of questions for your doctors, you can decrease the stress of worrying about missing your doctors’ visits when you know that someone you trust has that list and will ask and record the answers for you.  You can nap, when necessary, with peace of mind.

What about at night?  Again, it is always safest to have someone with you.  Your companion is there in case of emergency.  Occasionally there may be an instance when someone remains in the hospital simply because they are awaiting a procedure that has been scheduled, or are finishing a course of intravenous antibiotics, but otherwise are rock-stable, and then it may be reasonable not to have someone stay overnight with him.  However, when things are rocky, it is still preferable to try to have a companion.

 

“Your Hospital Guide” Part 1 of Chapter 1 (Always Have Someone with You in the Hospital)

Chapter 1 – Always Have Someone with You in the Hospital

This is possibly the most important piece of safety advice for a person who needs to be hospitalized.  This chapter explains why it is so important, what this person can do for you, and who this person should be.

No exceptions.  Well, very few exceptions.  A hospitalized person will benefit from having a non-hospital-personnel person with him or her at all times.  We’ll call this person your “Hospital Buddy.”  Like your swimming buddy at summer camp, this is a person you choose and who chooses you, who accepts the responsibility of looking out for you, who enjoys your company, and whose company you enjoy.  As a camp counselor would never let a person out into the lake without a buddy (they would have a person “triple up” with someone rather than let someone in the water alone), you should not allow yourself or your loved one to be in a hospital without a buddy.

Redundancy is routinely factored into systems to ensure safety.  If one safety measure fails, the backup measure kicks in.  Your car has brakes, and it also has seatbelts to keep you from being thrown from the car if your brakes fail to stop you in time to avoid hitting the deer that runs in front of your car.  Your alarm clock has battery backup.  Your house-wired smoke detectors have battery backup.  Your Hospital Buddy is your backup safety mechanism, and a hospital is simply not a place to be without backup.

I’m a perfectly intelligent, capable person.  Why do I need a backup?

As was mentioned earlier, a person in the hospital is either quite ill, or is undergoing something that has potentially serious side effects or complications.  A post-surgical patient may be groggy from anesthesia or from pain medications, and may very likely not be able to think appropriately.  Similarly, a sick person may very well not be in the clearest state of mind.  Chemotherapy can sometimes cause unpleasant reactions – exhaustion and severe nausea and vomiting does not put someone in the best frame of mind to absorb complicated medical information.  A woman who has had an uncomplicated pregnancy and has just delivered a healthy child may begin to bleed and may not be in a state to understand a potential need for emergent surgery.  Someone needs to be there in the hospital to cover for you when necessary.

If it turns out that there are no acute events requiring your Hospital Buddy to step up as your backup, then you will at least have had some company, and someone to bounce things off of when you had decisions to make.  It is never a waste to have had the necessary backup on hand.  If you make it home from the grocery store without an accident, you generally don’t say to yourself, “What a waste it was that I had my seatbelt on.”  Similarly, when you arrive at work on time, you don’t usually lament the fact that your alarm clock battery wasn’t used last night.  Your Hospital Buddy is your seatbelt, or your battery backup.  He or she is your personal advocate in a place where you may very well need an advocate.

 

Getting into “Your Hospital Guide”

Few things are more stressful then being in the hospital.  The very fact that a person is there means that something frightening, serious, or potentially dangerous is going on – otherwise that person wouldn’t be in a hospital.  Scary statistics about medical errors are frequently spotlighted on the news, friends have probably regaled you with tales of their own medical horror stories, and you may have some horror stories of your own.  To top it off, when you need to be hospitalized you are likely imagining every possible thing that could go wrong.

Read this guide early, preferably before there is even a thought of hospitalization for you or a loved one in the forseeable future.  Use Your Hospital Guide as a general educational tool to familiarize yourself with the environment, culture and personnel of these medical institutions.  If you or someone close to you is going to be hospitalized, take a deep breath.  You can maintain a fair amount of control in a hospitalized situation.  Your Hospital Guide will help you work with doctors, nurses, therapists, and other hospital personnel to get the best care possible for yourself or your loved one.

Your Hospital Guide is divided into sections.  Section One: First Things First, includes the introduction, which provides a brief overview or “tour” of the book, as well as a chapter elaborating on my most adamant piece of advice to you: always have someone with you in a hospital.  It also has a chapter that briefly discusses the subjects of advance directives (who you want to make medical decisions for you if you for some reason become unable to do so yourself, and how you would like those decisions to be made) and code status (a written order that specifies whether a person is to be resuscitated in a medical emergency if they stop breathing or if their heart stops), since hospital personnel will ask you about these when you are hospitalized, and you should understand them.

My next book posts will convey content from this first book section.  I hope you find the content helpful and informative.  Please leave comments to let me know what you think, and please ask questions!

Dressing the Part

Because I have transitioned from taking care of patients to taking care of clients (please click link at the top of this page to check out my company’s website, if this is news to you), I no longer wear a white coat.  I generally wear standard business attire when I give talks and when I meet with clients or business associates.  On days when I have no meetings and I’m focusing on writing, I dress pretty casually – current outfit of choice is jeans and a sweater.

On writing days, I’m frequently the only one home.  And when I am the only one home, I will not, as a matter of principle, turn up the heat.  Today is such a day.  And it’s cold in my house.

The only clean pair of jeans this morning was the black pair.  So I put on the black jeans and a grey and black striped cowl neck sweater.  I worked on my book (happily near completion) for a bit, and got tired of shivering, so I threw on my black cardigan, which was near the front of my closet and easily reachable.  I made a second cup of coffee.  I wrote some more.  And I was still cold.

So I walked to the front hall closet to see what I could find to help the situation.  I wanted to put on a hat, but didn’t want to end up with “hat head,” so I put on a loose, floppy beret that I’ve had since high school, which rests comfortably on top of my head, keeping in the heat and leaving my hair only minimally squished.  And I grabbed a scarf, since my neck was feeling a bit of a draft.

A bit more typing at my computer, and then a quick trip to “return” some of that coffee.  I glanced in the mirror as I walked into the bathroom – there I was, in layers of black and grey, wearing a beret and scarf, looking like I was about to audition for a character role as a writer in a movie.  So apparently there’s reason behind the stereotypical writer’s outfit – a slow laundry system, a chilly climate, and a stubborn unwillingness to turn up the heat.  Who knew?

“Your Hospital Guide” – Statistically Speaking

According to the CDC and the American Hospital Association websites, in registered hospitals in the United States there are 36 million inpatient admissions each year.  And 96 million outpatient hospital visits.  And 136 million emergency room visits (17 million of which become inpatient hospital admissions, included in that first statistic).  That’s a lot of people-hospital interaction.

When you have one of these up-close-and-personal encounters with our medical system, do you ever feel lost?  Out of your element?  Alone?  Confused?  Angry?  Overwhelmed?  Scared?  I have to tell you, even as a doctor, when I’ve been a patient or when I’ve been with a family member in hospital situations I’ve at various points in the experiences felt pretty much all of the above.

The advice in Your Hospital Guide is based on what I have seen and learned from my patients, on what has or has not worked well for them, on what they have done that I have found to be helpful to me as a physician, what I would have found helpful had they done it (and wished they had done), and what I have found to be helpful when I have had a family member who has been hospitalized.  The descriptions, explanations and information in this book cover topics about which I have been frequently questioned.  They are based on my experience working as a doctor in hospitals, on my experience having people close to me be hospitalized, and also on my own brief experiences of hospitalization.

I wrote Your Hospital Guide to be easy to read and understand.  Its purpose is to help you understand what is going on around you when you are hospitalized, who all the people are that are walking past your door and coming into your room, what you can expect, and what you can do to keep a sense of being as safe and in control as possible when you are in a situation where you might otherwise feel vulnerable and out of control.  This is not a book that quotes statistics on medical errors or that delves into detail about a particular disease or procedure; rather, it is a general handbook, an introduction to the world you will find yourself in, and a collection of advice that I would give my mother, my father, my sister, my brother, my uncle, my friend, or my neighbor, if they or their loved one were hospitalized.

 

Why “Your Hospital Guide” is Different

With the glaring exception of a select few of my child-rearing techniques, I do not like to scare people.  As a general rule, I derive great personal and professional satisfaction from helping people to feel comfortable, at ease, and in control, especially in situations where one’s health (or a loved one’s health) is concerned.  There are a few books out there that give advice for people who are hospitalized, and those books tell miscellaneous stories of people who have had very negative experiences.

I don’t know about you, but when I am embarking upon an unfamiliar course, one where there are risks, I don’t want to read about the horrible things that have happened to other people in my position.  I certainly want to know how to keep myself as safe as possible within given circumstances, and I want to familiarize myself with my surroundings, understand the culture, and understand some of the basic language of my environment, but I don’t want to be submerged in the details and drama of the worst possible outcomes of my situation, especially when I may not be able to control the fact that I am in that particular situation to begin with.  This is in no way to say that I want to put my head in the sand and ignore the fact that there is risk, but I want to face the risk in a positive way, actively participating in the optimization of the outcome of my particular situation.

Fear sells.  Tears sell.  But I intend for my book to guide readers the way I would like to be guided.  “Your Hospital Guide” is written to give you insider’s perspective and guidance in a place where you might otherwise feel lost or out of your element.  Blog entries in the “Your Hospital Guide” category will give you tastes of this book, with bits of information and direction that I hope you will find useful.  Please let me know through your comments what you think.  And here’s hoping that you will eventually read the whole book, and that you will only rarely, if ever, need it.

When a Person Develops a Cold…..

I have not been sick in a few years, but my immune system of steel recently found its kryptonite – my favorite toddlers in the whole world, whom I was lucky enough to see/hug/kiss/chew on over the past couple of weeks.  My brain gave me the requisite warnings about avoiding close personal contact with small people with such runny noses, but my soul would not allow me to avoid such deliciousness, so I threw caution to the wind as I savored the delight of the touch of tiny hands on my face, and snuggled and smooched with abandon.  And I got a cold.

One of those colds where it feels like the linings of your sinuses are on fire, where each sneeze intensifies the soreness of a post-nasal-drippy sore throat, and where you still have a reasonable amount of energy to get things done, and are not nearly sick enough to elicit a great deal of sympathy, but still feel pretty cruddy.  So since I have been so exquisitely reminded of how it is to have one, I thought I’d share a few thoughts about dealing with the inevitable, occasional cold.

First, avoidance is best.  Try as much as possible to keep your hands (and other people’s hands, as was my mistake) away from your face, since cold viruses intrude into your system mainly through your nose (and through your eyes, since they are washed by tears internally down into your nasal passages).  Wash your hands (or use hand sanitizer) frequently, especially after being out in public (where lots of people with colds are milling about), after contact with someone who’s sick, and before eating.  Try to eat healthily, stay active, and keep hydrated.

And then, when you get a cold anyway, you can deal with it symptomatically.  There are mixed results of studies on remedies like Airborn or echinacea or zinc, as to whether or not they actually help.  If you have something that seems to work for you, just run it by your doctor (since not every “natural” or “herbal” remedy is safe for every person) before using it, and be sure not to use more than what is recommended on the package or by your doctor.  This past week I tried an over-the-counter decongestant, and I found it to be helpful.  But just because a medication is available over-the-counter does not mean that it’s safe for everyone – always check with your doctor (and pharmacist) to make sure any medications are safe for you and safe to use with any other medications you may be taking.

I found hot tea (either black tea or mint tea, depending on how close to bedtime it was) to be soothing, and the steam helped to clear my sinuses a bit.  Extra pillows helped me position myself so that my sinuses did not fill up immediately upon getting into bed.  Hot, steamy showers helped me feel considerably better.  When I had to walk outside in the dry, windy, frigid air, it helped immensely to hold a scarf over my mouth and nose, since it kept the air I was breathing warm and moist (note: if you do this, I would highly recommend using a scarf that you can throw in the washing machine).

To avoid sharing your cold with others, it helps to keep a few feet away from people when possible.  Cover sneezes and coughs with a tissue/napkin/paper towel large enough to cover the spatter area (when you have a cold, sneezes and coughs tend to be fairly high-output), but make sure to use a soft tissue to wipe your nose, since paper towels can be very rough.  Wash your hands or use hand sanitizer after each time you touch your face, wipe your nose, sneeze, or cough, but do not make the mistake that I recently made of ignoring when your hands begin to get dry.  The only benefit of waiting until your hands are uber-dry and red to care for them is that when you finally put the moisturizer on them, the searing, burning pain on the backs of your hands will take your focus off of your sinuses for a couple of minutes.  Better you should use a little moisturizer on your hands after each time you wash them to prevent this.

Once your cold nears its end, there will likely be dried remnants left in your shnoz.  Keep in mind that manually attempting to remove these is the most common cause of nosebleeds.  Taking a steamy shower helps loosen things up so that a gentle nose blow can clear things out.

Call your doctor if at any time you feel like you have anything more serious than “just a cold” (e.g. fever, extreme symptoms) or if it hangs on for longer than you would expect it to (a week or so).  Wishing you good health!